KETAGIHAN/ADDICTION

Heroin Addiction

Heroin is an opiate base drug used as powerful pain relief.  Unfortunately it also caused euphoric high which is highly addictive.  Due to its physical withdrawal after 8-12 hours of stopping the drug, it cause dependence syndrome(addiction) which is life-long with period of abstinence(stopping drug for several months) and relapses(going back to drugs again). It is easy to stop taking drugs if the person is in Pusat Serenti or in jail, but will relapse again when he goes back to an environment when drug is available, even if the person has a strong will power. Many had tried by staying in treatment centers for extended period of time or working in remote areas where drug is difficult to get.  Unfortunately almost all of them will relapse again because the craving for drugs(drug hunger) will overwhelmed their will power.

The brain makes its own opiates, the endorphins and the enkephalins. But when the brain is exposed to outside sources of opiates the brain responds by shutting down these natural opiates. There is growing evidence that heroin may actually damage the coating around the nerves, called myelin. This can slow down communication between nerve cells.

Stimulants

Stimulants are a class of psychoactive drug that increase activity in the brain. These drugs can temporarily elevate alertness, mood and awareness. While some stimulant drugs are legal and widely used, all can be addicting. While stimulants share many commonalities, each has unique properties and mechanisms of action.

Drugs that are classed as stimulants include:

·         Caffeine

·         Nicotine

·         Cocaine

·         Amphetamines

·         Prescription drugs

Caffeine

Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive drug in the world,¹ found in coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate candy and soft drinks. While caffeine has several positive effects such as increasing energy and mental alertness, heavy use can cause symptoms such as anxiety and insomnia. Caffeine is physically addictive,² and withdrawal symptoms can include headaches, fatigue and irritability.

Nicotine

Nicotine is considered one of the three most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world,¹ despite the fact that there are few (if any) medical uses for the drug. During the early to mid-twentieth century, smoking was considered fashionable. Reports of the adverse health consequences have led to cigarette use being increasingly shunned. However, the Substance Abuse And Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reports that approximately 66.5 million Americans over the age of 12 (or 29 percent of the population) used a nicotine containing product in 2001.³

Cocaine

Cocaine is an illegal psychoactive drug made from the leaves of the coca tree. During the late 1800s, psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud advocated the use of cocaine as a therapeutic treatment for psychological disorder, but later realized the addictive properties of the drug. During the early 1900s, cocaine was legal in the U.S. and could be found in many over-the-counter medications.⁴

Cocaine is rapidly absorbed from any administration point, including being snorted, inhaled, injected or taken orally. The drug reaches the brain quickly and is then distributed to other tissues throughout the body. Cocaine is rapidly metabolized by enzymes in the liver and plasma in approximately 30 to 60 minutes, but can be detected in urine tests for up to 12 hours after administration.¹

Amphetamines

Amphetamines, sometimes referred to as "uppers," are a group of psychoactive drugs that affect the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system. Some of the effects of using these drugs include tremors, vasoconstriction, restlessness, tachycardia, insomnia, agitation and loss of appetite. Amphetamines were once widely used in obesity and weight loss treatments, but their addictive properties have caused them to be rarely used today. Today, methamphetamine, also known as meth, is one of the most commonly used illegal amphetamines. Meth is extremely addictive and destroys tissues in the brain, which can lead to brain damage.⁵

Prescription Stimulants

Prescription stimulants are used to treat some physical and psychological disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Common names of prescription stimulants include Ritalin, Adderall and Dexedrine. Prescription stimulants work by enhancing the effects of dopamine and norepinephrine,⁶ and can lead to increased blood pressure, respiratory function and euphoria.

 

Anak Yang Berpotensi Terlibat

ANAK YANG BAGAIMANA KE PUSAT PEMULIHAN

                        1.    BONGSU

2.    SULUNG / TUNGGAL

3.    DIPELIHARA OLEH NENEK / DATUK

4.    KURANG AGAMA

5.    TIADA KASIH SAYANG / TERLEBIH KASIH SAYANG

6.    ADA MODEL YANG TIDAK BAIK DI RUMAH

7.    PEMBAHAGIAN KASIH SAYANG TIDAK SAMA ANTARA ANAK-ANAK

8.    DIBIARKAN SENSITIF

9.   KASIHKAN KAWAN

10.  IBUBAPA TERPISAH

11.  RUMAH TIADA RUANG

12.  IBUBAPA PEROKOK

13.  IBUBAPA TIDAK BERMORAL

14.  KEPENTINGAN LAIN DIUTAMAKAN

15.  KELUARGA KEBENDAAN

16.  MAKANAN YANG  TIDAK BAIK

17.  SELALU DIMENANGKAN

18.  MASYARAKAT TIDAK MEMBANTU

19.   ALAM SEKELILING

20.  KELUARGA TERLALU BANGGA DENGAN SIKAP ANAK YANG TIDAK BAIK

21.  RENGGANG DENGAN ANAK TERLALU AWAL TIADA PAKSAAN

22.  IBUBAPA KURANG BERCAKAP

23.  TIADA SENTUHAN

24.  IBUBAPA TIDAK MEMASAK

Dadah Terus Mengganas.....

Terbaru....

Pelbagai strategi penyeludupan

Terminal sibuk jadi punca

Oleh WAN NOOR HAYATI WAN ALIAS
pengarang@utusan.com.my

 

KUALA LUMPUR 15 Nov. - Kesesakan yang terlalu tinggi, khususnya di Terminal Penerbangan Tambang Murah (LCCT), menyukarkan tugas agensi penguat kuasa untuk memantau aktiviti penyeludupan dadah yang dikatakan semakin kerap berlaku, sejak kebelakangan ini.

Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Kastam Diraja Malaysia (JKDM), Datuk Seri Mohamed Khalid Yusof berkata, kesesakan itu diambil kesempatan oleh sindiket penyeludupan dadah untuk membawa masuk dadah ke negara ini.

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